Risk decomposition
UNH
Market → sector → subsector → α-residual · 2026-04-22 → 2026-10-12

Market
+5.4%
Sector
+9.7%
Subsector
+12.0%
α residual
-18.5%
Stock
+8.5%
Every position carries the market, its sector, and its subsector before any stock-specific move. The waterfall splits UNH's realized return into those benchmark layers; the α residual is what the three hedge layers do not explain.
source: RiskModels — GET /ticker-returns?ticker=UNH&years=1