Risk decomposition
UNH
Market → sector → subsector → α-residual · 2026-05-01 → 2026-10-21

Market
+3.9%
Sector
+13.8%
Subsector
+9.9%
α residual
-13.3%
Stock
+14.4%
Every position carries the market, its sector, and its subsector before any stock-specific move. The waterfall splits UNH's realized return into those benchmark layers; the α residual is what the three hedge layers do not explain.
source: RiskModels — GET /ticker-returns?ticker=UNH&years=1